Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) - Qatar (2002)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) z Qatar (2002)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008)	Qatar (2002)

Administrative divisions	-	9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 25.2% (male 102,110; female 98,053) 15-64 years: 72.1% (male 403,508; female 168,428) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 15,299; female 5,943) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports	-	4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands	total: 11,437 sq km land: 11,437 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.	Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe.
Birth rate	-	15.78 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $5 billion expenditures: $4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $900 million (FY01/02 est. )
Capital	-	Doha
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline	NA km	563 km
Constitution	-	provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI	conventional long form: State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Currency	-	Qatari rial (QAR)
Death rate	-	4.34 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$13.1 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Ambassador Maureen E. QUINN embassy: Al-Luqtas District, 22 February Road, Doha mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha telephone: [974] 488 4101 FAX: [974] 488 4298
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061 consulate(s) general: Houston
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 58% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $7 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, and managed to maintain the surplus in 2001.
Electricity - consumption	-	8.556 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	9.2 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	-	Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates	-	Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary note: in March 1999, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services
Exports	-	$11 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	-	petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners	-	Japan 43%, Singapore 8%, South Korea 6%, US 4%, UAE 2% (1999)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)	maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $16.3 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 1% industry: 49% services: 50% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $21,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	5.6% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia	strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports	-	1 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$3.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	-	UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, Italy 6%, US 6% (1998)
Independence	-	3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement
Infant mortality rate	-	20.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2% (2001)
International organization participation	-	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	130 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Court of Appeal
Labor force	-	280,122 (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)	arable land: 1.27% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 98.46% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed) note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 72.88 years male: 70.4 years female: 75.48 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 79% female: 80% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references	Antarctic Region	Middle East
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 679,081 GRT/1,051,088 DWT ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1, United Arab Emirates 3 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$723 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	10% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 316,885 note: includes non-nationals (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 166,214 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 6,797 (2002 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Nationality	-	noun: Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources	fish	petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate	-	18.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	-	crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km
Political parties and leaders	-	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	none
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited	793,341 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	3.02% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios	-	256,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	-	Muslim 95%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.4 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.57 male(s)/female total population: 1.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	suffrage is limited to municipal elections
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use	-	142,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	43,476 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	1 (plus three repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate	-	3.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	2.7% (2001)
Waterways	-	none

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